Step-by-Step Instructions for Changing the Tar Skin

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Replacing the skin of a Persian tar requires precision and care to ensure it maintains its sound quality and resonance. This delicate process involves removing the old skin, selecting a new one (typically animal skin like lamb or goat), stretching it, and securing it over the body. Here’s a step-by-step guide for changing the tar skin:

Materials Needed:

  1. New animal skin: Lamb or goat skin (kid) is most common due to its resonance.
  2. Sharp knife: For cutting the skin to size.
  3. Water basin: To soak the skin for flexibility.
  4. Glue: Animal glue or high-quality adhesive for securing the skin.
  5. Clamps or strong rubber bands: To hold the skin in place while it dries.
  6. Sandpaper: For smoothing the surface if needed.

Step-by-Step Guide

Step 1: Removing the Old Skin

  1. Carefully remove the strings and bridge from the tar to expose the skin.
  2. Using a sharp tool or knife, gently separate the old skin from the body of the tar. Be careful not to damage the wood or the edges where the skin is glued.

Step 2: Preparing the New Skin

  1. Soak the new animal skin in a basin of water for 1-2 hours. This will make it more flexible and easier to stretch over the tar body.
  2. Once soaked, remove the skin from the water and blot it with a towel to remove excess moisture, making sure it’s still damp and pliable.

Step 3: Cutting the Skin

  1. Cut the skin to size, leaving a little extra around the edges so you can stretch and secure it. It should cover the full surface area of the tar’s resonator with some overlap.

Step 4: Applying the Skin

  1. Place the damp skin over the tar’s resonator and begin stretching it evenly across the surface. It’s essential to make sure there are no wrinkles or loose spots, as these will affect the sound quality.
  2. Use clamps or strong rubber bands to hold the skin tightly in place. Ensure that the skin is stretched taut across the body, as it will tighten even further as it dries.

Step 5: Securing the Skin

  1. Apply a thin layer of glue around the edges of the tar where the skin meets the wood. Animal glue is often recommended for traditional instruments, but a high-quality adhesive will work as well.
  2. Allow the skin to dry completely, which may take 24-48 hours depending on humidity. As it dries, the skin will shrink slightly, creating a tight, resonant surface.

Step 6: Final Adjustments

  1. Once the skin is fully dry, check for any loose edges and apply additional glue if needed.
  2. Trim any excess skin around the edges with a sharp knife, being careful not to cut too close to the glued area.
  3. Sand down any rough edges gently with fine sandpaper to make it smooth.

Step 7: Reassemble the Tar

  1. Reattach the bridge and strings once the skin is fully set and dry.
  2. Tune the tar to ensure the new skin is resonating correctly. You may notice a change in tone, as new skin often requires a short break-in period to stabilize.

Understanding the Importance of Tar Skin

The tar’s sound is directly impacted by the quality and tension of its skin. The double-bowl body of the tar amplifies vibrations from the strings, with the skin acting as a resonating surface. When stretched tightly over the body, it creates a rich and clear tone. Over time, factors like humidity, wear, and consistent playing can reduce the elasticity and responsiveness of the skin, leading to a muffled or less vibrant sound. Replacing the skin periodically helps maintain the tar’s tonal quality and resonance.

Maintaining the New Skin

To prolong the life of the new tar skin, here are a few maintenance tips:

  • Humidity Control: Avoid exposing the tar to extreme humidity or dryness, as this can cause the skin to loosen or crack. Store the instrument in a controlled environment when not in use.
  • Gentle Cleaning: Use a soft cloth to wipe away any dust or debris from the skin, avoiding moisture that could affect its tension.
  • Regular Inspection: Periodically check the skin for signs of wear or slackness. If the skin begins to loosen, it may be possible to carefully tighten it, though it’s best to consult a luthier for major adjustments.

When to Seek Professional Help

While changing the tar’s skin can be done at home with the right materials and care, it’s a delicate process. If you’re unsure about any part of the process, especially when it comes to securing the skin evenly or using the proper glue, consider consulting a professional instrument maker or luthier. A skilled luthier can ensure that the tar’s new skin is applied correctly, preserving the instrument’s sound quality and extending its lifespan.

Final Thoughts

Replacing the skin on a Persian tar is a meticulous process that requires patience and attention to detail. This essential component of the instrument affects not only its sound but also its overall resonance and performance. By following these steps, you can replace the skin and restore the tar’s rich, characteristic tone, keeping the instrument ready for more years of beautiful, expressive music.