What is the differences between Santoor and Qanun?

 

What are the differences between Santoor and Qanun? Musical instruments can uniquely reflect the cultural and historical contexts from which they originate. Among the vast array of world instruments, the Santoor and the Qanun stand out as significant in their respective traditions. These two string-based instruments are similar in some respects but are also distinct in their construction, playing techniques, and musical roles. In this article, we will explore the differences between Santoor and Qanun in more detail to provide both expert and beginner musicians with a comprehensive understanding of these two famous musical instruments.

 

The differences between Santoor and Qanun: Construction and Design

The primary differences between Santoor and Qanun lie in their construction and design. The Santoor typically features a trapezoidal wooden frame with 72 to 100 metal strings stretched across it. These strings are grouped in sets of three to four, each tuned to the same pitch. The instrument is played with a pair of lightweight wooden mallets called “Mezrab,” which strike the strings to produce sound. The Santoor main body is often crafted from walnut or maple wood, which is known for its resonance and tonal quality.

 

Conversely, the Qanun is a large zither-like instrument with a flat, trapezoidal shape. It usually has 81 to 96 strings arranged in courses of three. These strings are plucked with plectra attached to the fingers, typically using small rings worn on the index fingers. The Qanun’s body is traditionally made from hardwoods like walnuts, and its soundboard is covered with thin strips of fish skin or synthetic materials to enhance resonance. A distinctive feature of the Qanun is the use of small metal levers, known as the “Manuals,” which allow players to alter the pitch of individual strings, providing microtonal adjustments crucial for Middle-East music.

 

The differences between Santoor and Qanun: Playing techniques

Another difference between Santoor and Qanun lies in their playing techniques. Playing Santoor involves striking the strings with the mallets, which requires precision and control to produce the desired tones and dynamics. The Santoor’s layout demands a comprehensive understanding of its tuning and string arrangement, as the same set of strings can produce different pitches depending on where they are struck. Expert Santoor players develop a nuanced touch and rhythmic accuracy, allowing them to execute complex melodic and rhythmic patterns.

The Qanun is played by plucking the strings with the plectra, and skilled Qanun players are adept at quickly using the mandals to retune strings during performance. This capability enables the execution of intricate modal changes and quarter-tone scales that define much of Middle Eastern music. The Qanun playing technique requires agility and dexterity, as players often need to pluck strings rapidly and accurately while simultaneously adjusting the mandalas to achieve the desired microtonal inflections.

 

The difference between Santoor and Qanun in a nutshell:

What are the differences between Santoor and Qanun? If you want a brief answer to this question, then in this section, we will provide you with a review of the main differences between these two instruments:

• Soundbox: The soundbox is the heart of any musical instrument. In the Santoor, this box is shaped like an isosceles trapezoid and is made from walnut wood. On the other hand, the Qanun has a right-angled trapezoidal shape and is crafted from various woods such as walnut and mulberry.
• Bridges: Bridges are crucial as they support the strings and play a significant role in transmitting their vibrations to the soundbox. The Santoor has a separate bridge for each note, typically made from wood. Conversely, the qanun has a single bridge running along its length, which can be made from wood or bone and is mounted on a thin skin.
• Tuning Pegs: The strings are tuned at the tuning pegs. The Santoor features 72 metal tuning pegs on the right side of the instrument, and the qanun has 81 wooden tuning pegs on the left side.
• String Holders: String holders are where the strings are attached to the instrument. The Santoor has 72 metal string holders on the left side. In the Qanun, the number and material of string holders vary depending on the instrument’s model.

Musical roles and repertoire

The differences between Santoor and Qanun are also reflected in the musical role they play in different regions of the Middle East. The Qanun is a cornerstone of Middle Eastern musical ensembles, such as Takht or Firqa, which provides harmonic and rhythmic support. It is often used to accompany vocalists and other instrumentalists in genres such as Arabic Maqam, Turkish Maqam, and Armenian folk music. Santoor, on the other hand, is primarily used as a solo instrument in Persian and Indian classical music, although it also plays a role in ensemble settings. It is often featured in Hindustani classical concerts, where it accompanies vocalists and other instrumentalists. The instrument’s bright, percussive sound makes it well-suited for rapid, rhythmic passages and elaborate improvisations.

both the Santoor and Qanun are fascinating string instruments steeped in tradition

 

Conclusions:

In this article, we reviewed some of the most important differences between Santoor and Qanun. In summary, while both the Santoor and Qanun are fascinating string instruments steeped in tradition, their distinct characteristics set them apart. The Santoor’s trapezoidal shape, metal strings struck with mallets, and its prominent role in Indian classical music contrast with the Qanun’s zither-like form, plucked strings, and its crucial role in Middle Eastern ensembles. These differences highlight their unique contributions to their respective musical cultures.

For those captivated by these instruments, Delarammusic is your gateway to exploring both the Santoor and Qanun. Visit our website to browse a wide selection of these exquisite instruments at various price points to suit your needs. Additionally, take advantage of the educational materials to deepen your understanding and mastery of these beautiful instruments. Discover, learn, and immerse yourself in the rich traditions of the Santoor and Qanun with Delaram Music today!